How to Become an Orthopedic Surgeon: Is It the Right Career for You?

Orthopedic Surgeon Career Video

Orthopedic surgery is a challenging yet rewarding medical specialty focusing on the musculoskeletal system, which includes bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves. If you’re considering a career in this field, this comprehensive guide will walk you through what it entails, how to pursue it, and whether it fits you.


What Does an Orthopedic Surgeon Do?

Orthopedic surgeons specialize in diagnosing, treating, and managing various musculoskeletal conditions, from fractures and joint injuries to chronic diseases and congenital disorders. The musculoskeletal system encompasses bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Since orthopedic surgeons treat both acute injuries and chronic conditions, their work is essential for restoring mobility and improving the quality of life for patients. Let’s break down the primary duties and roles of an orthopedic surgeon.

Diagnosis and Assessment

The first step in an orthopedic surgeon’s role is accurately diagnosing musculoskeletal issues. This involves:

  • Patient History: Orthopedic surgeons begin by gathering detailed information about the patient’s symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, and any prior injuries. Understanding the patient’s activity level, occupation, and personal history is essential in diagnosing musculoskeletal conditions.
  • Physical Examination: They conduct thorough physical examinations to assess posture, movement, joint stability, and muscle strength. During the exam, they look for signs of inflammation, tenderness, or deformity.
  • Diagnostic Imaging: To confirm the diagnosis, orthopedic surgeons often rely on diagnostic tools such as X-rays, MRI scans, CT scans, and ultrasounds. These imaging techniques help identify fractures, soft tissue injuries, arthritis, spinal problems, and other conditions that may not be visible during the physical exam.
  • Special Tests: In some cases, orthopedic surgeons perform specific tests to assess joint function, tendon strength, or ligament integrity. For instance, a Lachman test is commonly used to diagnose knee injuries.

Through these methods, orthopedic surgeons can identify the underlying causes of pain or dysfunction and determine the most appropriate treatment options.


Surgical Procedures

Orthopedic surgeons are skilled in performing various surgical procedures to treat musculoskeletal issues. Their surgical interventions may include:

  • Fracture Repair: One of the most common surgeries orthopedic surgeons perform is fracture repair. They may use internal fixation (plates, screws, or rods) or external fixation to stabilize fractured bones and ensure proper healing.
  • Joint Replacements: Orthopedic surgeons frequently perform joint replacement surgeries, such as hip and knee replacements, to treat arthritis or joint degeneration. This involves removing the damaged parts of the joint and replacing them with artificial components made of metal, plastic, or ceramic.
  • Arthroscopic Surgery: Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive technique for diagnosing and treating joint problems, particularly in the knee, shoulder, and wrist. The surgeon inserts a camera and instruments through small incisions to remove damaged tissue, repair ligaments, or clean out debris within the joint.
  • Spinal Surgery: For spinal problems like herniated discs, scoliosis, or spinal stenosis, orthopedic surgeons may perform spinal fusion, decompression, or disc replacement surgeries.
  • Ligament and Tendon Repairs: In torn ligaments or tendons, such as a torn ACL in the knee, orthopedic surgeons may perform reconstructive surgeries to repair or replace these tissues.
  • Arthroplasty and Osteotomy: These procedures involve reshaping bones or joints to correct misalignment, especially for patients with arthritis or deformities.

Orthopedic surgeons carefully plan each surgery to ensure the best possible patient outcomes, factoring in their overall health, activity level, and specific musculoskeletal needs.


Non-Surgical Treatments

While surgery is essential to orthopedic practice, not all patients require surgical intervention. Orthopedic surgeons often opt for non-surgical treatments that effectively manage conditions and promote healing. These treatments may include:

  • Physical Therapy: Orthopedic surgeons often prescribe physical therapy as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Physical therapists work with patients to strengthen muscles, improve joint function, and enhance mobility after an injury or surgery. In some cases, physical therapy is used to help prevent surgery.
  • Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroid injections, and other pain relievers are commonly prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation. Sometimes, orthopedic surgeons may prescribe muscle relaxants or disease-modifying drugs for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Braces and Supports: For conditions like sprains, strains, or joint instability, orthopedic surgeons may recommend wearing a brace, splint, or support to immobilize the affected area and promote healing.
  • Injections and Invasive Procedures: Orthopedic surgeons may administer injections, such as corticosteroid shots, hyaluronic acid injections, or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, to reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair. In more complex cases, minimally invasive procedures such as nerve blocks or joint injections can provide relief without major surgery.
  • Lifestyle Modifications: Often, orthopedic surgeons educate patients on ways to reduce the risk of injury and alleviate symptoms through weight management, exercise, and ergonomic adjustments to daily activities.

Patient Care and Monitoring Recovery

Orthopedic surgeons are also responsible for providing ongoing patient care before, during, and after surgical or non-surgical treatment. Their patient care responsibilities include:

  • Preoperative Consultations: Before any surgery, the orthopedic surgeon discusses the risks, benefits, and potential outcomes of the procedure with the patient. They also prepare patients mentally and physically for surgery by explaining what to expect during recovery.
  • Postoperative Care: Orthopedic surgeons closely monitor patients for complications such as infection or blood clots after surgery. They track healing progress and guide pain management, mobility, and rehabilitation.
  • Follow-Up Appointments: Orthopedic surgeons schedule follow-up visits to evaluate recovery, remove stitches, adjust casts, and assess the need for physical therapy or further treatments.
  • Long-Term Management: For patients with chronic conditions like arthritis or degenerative disc disease, orthopedic surgeons may provide long-term management strategies. This can include recommending lifestyle changes, medications, and periodic imaging to monitor disease progression.

Orthopedic surgeons also play a critical role in educating patients on preventive care, including strengthening exercises, proper body mechanics, and maintaining an active lifestyle to prevent musculoskeletal issues.


Specializations Within Orthopedic Surgery

Orthopedic surgery is a diverse field; many surgeons specialize in specific areas to refine their expertise. These specializations allow orthopedic surgeons to focus on particular types of patients or conditions. Some common subspecialties include:

  • Sports Medicine: Focuses on treating injuries related to athletic activities, including fractures, sprains, strains, and soft tissue injuries. Sports medicine orthopedic surgeons may work with athletes at all levels, from professional sports teams to weekend warriors.
  • Pediatric Orthopedics: Specializes in treating musculoskeletal problems in children, including congenital conditions like hip dysplasia or scoliosis and injuries that occur during childhood and adolescence.
  • Trauma Surgery: Specializes in the treatment of traumatic injuries resulting from accidents, falls, or violence, including fractures, dislocations, and soft tissue injuries. Trauma surgeons often work in emergency departments and trauma centers.
  • Spine Surgery: Focuses on diagnosing and treating conditions related to the spine, such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and scoliosis. Spine surgeons may perform complex procedures such as spinal fusion or disc replacement.
  • Hand Surgery: Specializes in conditions affecting the hands, wrists, and forearms, including fractures, carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis, and tendon injuries.
  • Joint Replacement: Focuses on the surgical replacement of damaged joints, most commonly the hip, knee, or shoulder, for patients with arthritis or joint degeneration.

By specializing, orthopedic surgeons can refine their techniques and develop a deeper understanding of specific conditions, leading to better patient outcomes.


Orthopedic surgeons play a critical role in the healthcare system, offering expertise in diagnosing, treating, and managing musculoskeletal conditions. Their diverse skills in both surgical and non-surgical interventions enable them to tailor treatments to meet the unique needs of their patients, improving mobility, reducing pain, and enhancing overall quality of life. Whether through surgical repair or conservative treatments like physical therapy and lifestyle adjustments, orthopedic surgeons make a lasting impact on patient health and well-being.


What Is the Working Environment for an Orthopedic Surgeon?

Orthopedic surgeons work in various settings, including:

Hospitals and Medical Centers

Most work in hospitals, handling emergency cases and scheduled surgeries. This environment is fast-paced and can include on-call duties for trauma cases.

Private Practices and Clinics

Surgeons may run private clinics where they consult patients and perform minor procedures.

Specialized Centers

Some work in orthopedic or sports medicine centers, focusing on specific patient demographics like athletes or children.

Work Hours

The work can be demanding, with irregular hours and long days during surgeries or emergencies. However, surgeons in private practice may have more control over their schedules.


How Do You Become an Orthopedic Surgeon?

Becoming an orthopedic surgeon is a rigorous process requiring significant dedication and time. Here’s an overview of the steps:

1. Complete a Bachelor’s Degree

Earn a degree with a strong emphasis on science courses such as biology, chemistry, and physics. Volunteering or interning in healthcare settings can also provide valuable experience.

2. Pass the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT)

The MCAT is a standardized exam required for entry into medical school. Preparing thoroughly is crucial for success.

3. Attend Medical School

Enroll in a four-year medical school program to gain a broad medical education and clinical experience.

4. Complete a Residency Program

After medical school, pursue a five-year residency in orthopedic surgery. This intensive training involves hands-on surgical experience and specialty rotations.

5. Optional Fellowship

Consider a fellowship in a subspecialty like sports medicine, spine surgery, or hand surgery. Fellowships usually last one to two years.

6. Obtain Licensure and Certification

Pass the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and board certification from the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS).

7. Continuing Education

Maintain your certification through lifelong learning and periodic assessments.

For more details, visit American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery.


What Is the Salary of an Orthopedic Surgeon?

Orthopedic surgeons are among the highest-paid professionals in the medical field. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for physicians and surgeons is over $208,000. However, specific salaries for orthopedic surgeons can range between $400,000 and $600,000 annually, depending on experience, location, and specialization.

Learn more about salary statistics for orthopedic surgeons.


What Is the Labor Market for an Orthopedic Surgeon?

The demand for orthopedic surgeons is projected to grow as the population ages and the need for musculoskeletal care increases. According to the BLS, employment for physicians and surgeons is expected to grow by 3% from 2021 to 2031.

For a detailed labor market outlook, visit the BLS Physician and Surgeon page.


What Are the Pros and Cons of Being an Orthopedic Surgeon?

Pros

  • High Earning Potential: Orthopedic surgeons enjoy lucrative salaries and benefits.
  • Specialized Skills: The profession offers the chance to master complex surgical techniques.
  • Impactful Work: Surgeons improve patients’ quality of life and mobility.
  • Job Stability: Healthcare professions are generally stable and in demand.

Cons

  • Lengthy Education: The path requires over a decade of training and education.
  • Demanding Hours: Long, irregular hours can impact work-life balance.
  • High Stress: Surgeons face significant pressure, especially during critical surgeries.
  • Cost of Education: Medical school and training come with substantial financial burdens.

What Are Related Jobs for an Orthopedic Surgeon?

Here are related careers with descriptions and links for further exploration:


What Types of Jobs Can an Orthopedic Surgeon Pursue?

Orthopedic surgeons can explore diverse career paths, including:

  • Hospital Administration: Transition into leadership roles in healthcare management.
  • Medical Device Consulting: Advice on the design and use of orthopedic devices.
  • Academic Medicine: Teach and mentor medical students and residents.
  • Research: Conduct clinical studies to advance orthopedic medicine.

What Websites Are Best for Finding Orthopedic Surgeon Jobs?

Here are some top platforms to explore job opportunities:


How Do I Know If I Should Be an Orthopedic Surgeon?

Deciding if orthopedic surgery is the right career path for you requires thoughtful self-reflection, research, and careful evaluation of your skills, interests, and long-term goals. Becoming an orthopedic surgeon is a highly specialized and demanding journey that requires years of rigorous training and commitment. To help you make an informed decision, consider using tools like career aptitude tests and informational interviews to explore whether this profession aligns with your strengths and aspirations.

Take a Career Aptitude Test

One of the best ways to determine if orthopedic surgery suits you is by assessing your skills, interests, and personal traits using a career aptitude test. The Free Career Fit Test™ is a comprehensive tool designed to help you identify career paths that match your unique skill set. This test evaluates three primary categories:

  • Transferable Skills: These skills can be applied across various careers and professions. As an orthopedic surgeon some of the most important transferable skills for Orthopedic Surgeons include:
    • Problem-Solving: Orthopedic surgeons must quickly assess and diagnose musculoskeletal conditions, which requires excellent critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.
    • Coordination: Successful surgeries demand a high level of manual dexterity and the ability to coordinate your hands and eyes during procedures precisely.
    • Communication: Orthopedic surgeons must communicate effectively with patients, their families, and other medical professionals to ensure the best care and treatment options.
  • Personal Skills: These characteristics define how you interact with the world and others. For orthopedic surgeons, key personal skills for Orthopedic Surgeons include:
    • Analytical Thinking: The ability to assess complex medical conditions, interpret diagnostic results, and make informed decisions is crucial in orthopedic surgery.
    • Perseverance: Orthopedic surgeons often deal with long and sometimes challenging hours. Persistence and the ability to stay focused under pressure are vital.
    • Empathy: Treating patients with compassion and understanding is essential, especially when they are in pain or dealing with difficult diagnoses.
  • Content Skills refer to the specific knowledge and expertise required for a profession. For an orthopedic surgeon, content skills for Orthopedic Surgeons include:
    • Anatomy Knowledge: Understanding the structure and function of bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissues is foundational for diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal problems.
    • Surgical Techniques: Proficiency in surgical procedures, including fracture repair, joint replacement, and arthroscopic surgery, is essential.
    • Medical Devices and Equipment: Familiarity with the tools used in surgery, such as surgical instruments and imaging technology, is crucial for performing procedures safely and effectively.

Using the Free Career Fit Test™, you can get a clearer picture of whether your skills align with those required for orthopedic surgery. The career test will also provide you with tailored career recommendations, highlighting professions that suit your top transferable, personal, and content skills.

Conduct Informational Interviews

In addition to taking a career aptitude test, another effective strategy is to conduct informational interviews with practicing orthopedic surgeons. These interviews allow you to gain real-world insights into the profession’s daily responsibilities, challenges, and rewards.

When reaching out to orthopedic surgeons for informational interviews, consider asking the following questions:

  • What does a typical day look like for an orthopedic surgeon?
  • What do you find most rewarding about your work?
  • What challenges do you face in your practice, and how do you overcome them?
  • What skills are essential for success in orthopedic surgery?
  • How did you decide to specialize in orthopedic surgery, and what steps did you take to get there?

Informational interviews can provide valuable firsthand knowledge that helps you assess if orthopedic surgery fits your interests and skills. It can also give you a sense of the work-life balance, the emotional and physical demands of the job, and the personal satisfaction that comes with helping patients recover from injuries or chronic conditions.

By combining the insights from a career aptitude test with information gained through interviews with professionals in the field, you can make a more informed decision about whether to pursue a career as an orthopedic surgeon.


Orthopedic surgery is a challenging and rewarding profession that demands specific skills, knowledge, and personal characteristics. If you are considering this career path, taking the Free Career Fit Test™ and conducting informational interviews with practicing surgeons can help you make an informed decision. By evaluating your transferable skills, personal traits, and content knowledge, you can determine if you possess the qualities necessary for success in this field.


How Can I Learn More About a Career as an Orthopedic Surgeon?

Explore these resources for in-depth information:


Conclusion

Pursuing a career as an orthopedic surgeon is a significant commitment, requiring years of education, training, and dedication. To decide if it’s the right fit, consider taking the Free Career Fit Test™. This career test identifies suitable careers and highlights your transferable, personal, and content skills, helping you make an informed choice. Use informational interviews and online resources to explore this fulfilling profession further.